Which of the following terms refers to the manipulation and active processing of information?

The term that refers to the manipulation and active processing of information is working memory. Working memory is a cognitive system that temporarily holds and processes information necessary for complex cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and decision-making. It is crucial for activities that require the simultaneous storage and manipulation of information, such as solving math problems or following instructions while multitasking.

In contrast, short-term memory generally refers to the storage of information for a brief period without the active manipulation of that information. Long-term memory involves the storage of information over extended periods, typically with a focus on retention rather than immediate processing. Primary memory is an older term that can sometimes be used interchangeably with short-term memory, but it is less commonly used in current psychological discussions.

Working memory, therefore, captures the active aspect of memory performance, emphasizing not only the temporary storage of information but also the ways in which this information can be worked with and transformed in real-time.