Which of the following is an example of cognitive restructuring?

Cognitive restructuring refers to a therapeutic process that involves identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and replacing them with more positive or rational thoughts. This technique is often used in cognitive behavioral therapy to help individuals change their mindset and improve their emotional well-being.

Replacing negative thoughts with positive affirmations is a clear example of cognitive restructuring because it directly addresses harmful thinking patterns by encouraging a shift towards more constructive and optimistic thought processes. This adjustment helps individuals manage their emotions and behaviors more effectively, leading to a more positive outlook on situations and experiences.

The other options do not reflect the principles of cognitive restructuring. For instance, creating new memories from past experiences is more about memory formation and retrieval rather than altering thought patterns. Avoiding situations that cause stress can lead to increased anxiety over time, as it does not engage in the cognitive restructuring process needed to confront and manage stress effectively. Memorizing facts through repetition focuses on rote learning, which does not involve cognitive restructuring since it does not address or modify underlying thought patterns.