Which memory stage is characterized by the brief retention of sensory input?

The correct answer is C, sensory memory, which is defined as the initial stage of memory where sensory information is captured for a very brief period after an experience occurs. This stage allows individuals to retain impressions of sensory information just long enough for further processing. Sensory memory typically lasts only a fraction of a second and serves as a buffer between perception and the more durable stages of memory.

For example, the visual sensory memory, known as iconic memory, holds onto images for a very short duration, allowing us to perceive continuous motion in a sequence of rapidly changing visual stimuli. Similarly, echoic memory pertains to auditory stimuli and retains sounds for up to a few seconds. This brief retention is crucial as it helps the brain decide which information is worth transferring to short-term or working memory for further processing.

In contrast, short-term memory involves the temporary storage and manipulation of information, long-term memory refers to the more permanent and stable storage of information, and working memory is a more dynamic system that combines short-term storage with processing capabilities. Each of these other stages builds on the foundation that sensory memory provides, but they are characterized by longer retention periods and more complex processing functions.