Which cognitive concept describes the struggle to hold information in mind while also manipulating it?

The concept that describes the struggle to hold information in mind while also manipulating it is working memory. Working memory refers to a cognitive system that allows for the temporary storage and management of information that is needed for complex tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension. It not only involves holding information but also processing and transforming that information simultaneously.

Working memory is crucial for tasks requiring active engagement with information—such as solving math problems, following a conversation while remembering points, or planning steps in a project—because it is the part of the mind that facilitates both storage and manipulation.

In contrast to other concepts, cognitive load and short-term memory do not specifically highlight the manipulation aspect in conjunction with holding information. Cognitive load refers to the mental effort being used in the working memory and how it is taxed, influencing how well information can be processed. Short-term memory is more about the temporary retention of information without the manipulation aspect. Schema refers to cognitive frameworks that help organize and interpret information but does not relate directly to the active holding and manipulating function described. Therefore, working memory is the most accurate term for this cognitive struggle.