Which approach suggests that cognitive processes arise from the body's interaction with the environment?

The approach that suggests cognitive processes arise from the body's interaction with the environment is known as embodied cognition. This perspective emphasizes that cognition is not just a function of internal mental processes, but is significantly influenced by the physical body and the surrounding context. It posits that our understanding, thoughts, and cognitive functions are shaped by our sensory experiences and actions within the world.

For instance, research in embodied cognition has shown that physical actions can influence cognitive activities, such as how gesturing can enhance memory recall or how spatial understanding is informed by our movement through space. This view stands in contrast to other approaches that might focus solely on internal mental processes without accounting for the role of the body and environment. Information processing, for example, models cognition as a sequence of information inputs and outputs, while behaviorism emphasizes observable behaviors rather than internal cognition. Cognitive enhancement refers to methods aimed at improving mental functions, but does not directly address the relationship between the body, environment, and cognition.