What type of research methodology is characterized by intensive analyses of a single individual?

The correct answer, case studies, is characterized by an in-depth examination of a single individual, group, or event, allowing researchers to gather comprehensive and nuanced information. This research methodology is particularly valuable in psychology and other social sciences where understanding complex behaviors, emotions, and cognitive processes related to unique cases can lead to insights that may not be evident through other methods.

Case studies often involve various data collection techniques, such as interviews, observations, and archival research, which yield rich qualitative data. This approach can be especially useful in exploring rare psychological phenomena or disorders, providing a thorough understanding of the individual’s experiences, and contributing to theory development or therapeutic practices.

In contrast, survey research involves gathering data from large groups through questionnaires, focusing on patterns and trends rather than individual specifics. Experimental research emphasizes manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships, often involving larger populations to generalize findings. Correlational studies examine relationships between variables across groups but do not provide personalized insights. Therefore, the unique focus and depth of analysis in case studies distinguish them as the appropriate choice for understanding individual complexities.