What is meant by long-term potentiation?

Long-term potentiation refers to the process by which repeated stimulation of certain neural pathways leads to an increased strength of synaptic connections. This phenomenon is observed in the brain when two neurons are activated simultaneously, which enhances the synaptic transmission between them, making it easier for them to communicate in the future. This strengthening of synapses is critical for learning and memory formation, as it underlies the ability to retain and recall information.

The concept is foundational in cognitive psychology, highlighting how experiences can physically alter the brain's neural architecture, thereby improving the efficiency and transmission of signals. This mechanism is a key component of various forms of learning, as it enables the encoding of experiences into lasting memories.