What does cognitive dissonance refer to?

Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort that arises when an individual holds conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or values. This psychological phenomenon occurs when a person's behavior contradicts their beliefs or when they encounter new information that challenges their existing beliefs. For example, if someone who values health and wellness regularly consumes junk food, they may experience dissonance because their actions do not align with their beliefs about healthy living. This discomfort often motivates individuals to resolve the conflict, which can lead them to change their beliefs, rationalize their behavior, or adjust their attitudes in order to restore harmony within their cognitive framework.

Understanding cognitive dissonance is crucial for recognizing how individuals strive for consistency in their thoughts and behaviors, and it plays a significant role in motivation and decision-making processes.