What distinguishes explicit memory from implicit memory?

Explicit memory and implicit memory are two distinct types of long-term memory that differ primarily in how they are accessed and utilized. The key characteristic that distinguishes explicit memory from implicit memory is that explicit memory requires conscious recall. This means that when you use explicit memory, you are actively retrieving information that you are aware of, such as facts, events, or personal experiences. For example, remembering the name of your favorite book or recalling details from your last birthday party requires conscious effort and awareness.

On the other hand, implicit memory involves memories that are not consciously accessible. These memories influence our thoughts and behaviors without our awareness. For instance, riding a bicycle or typing on a keyboard utilizes implicit memory, as these skills can be performed without actively recalling the individual steps involved.

This distinction is fundamental in cognitive psychology and emphasizes how different types of memory contribute to our behavior and cognitive processes in unique ways.