What are the stages of information processing as per the cognitive model?

The correct answer is based on the widely accepted stages of information processing in cognitive psychology, which are encoding, storage, and retrieval.

During the encoding stage, information is transformed into a format that can be stored in memory. This process involves taking sensory input and converting it into a form that is meaningful to the individual, often relating new information to existing knowledge.

Following encoding, the information enters the storage stage, where it is maintained over time. Storage can occur on various time scales, from seconds to a lifetime, depending on the nature of the information and how frequently it is accessed or rehearsed.

Finally, retrieval is the process whereby stored information is accessed and brought back to consciousness when needed. This stage is crucial for utilizing learned information in decision-making, problem-solving, or any task that requires recalling past experiences or knowledge.

The other options focus on different aspects of cognitive processes but do not represent the comprehensive stages of information processing in the cognitive model in the same way that encoding, storage, and retrieval do. For instance, attention and perception are critical components of how we interact with information but do not encompass the entirety of the information processing stages.