How does short-term memory differ from working memory?

The distinction between short-term memory and working memory lies primarily in their functions and characteristics. Short-term memory is often viewed as a passive storage system that temporarily holds information for short durations, typically around 15 to 30 seconds. This type of memory is mainly involved in the brief retention of information, such as remembering a phone number long enough to dial it.

In contrast, working memory is an active processing system that not only holds information temporarily but also manipulates it for various cognitive tasks. This includes activities like problem-solving, reasoning, and comprehension. Working memory facilitates the integration and application of stored information to perform complex tasks, which highlights its active nature.

Thus, recognizing that short-term memory serves as a passive repository while working memory engages with that information actively clarifies why the correct choice emphasizes the differences in their respective roles in cognitive processing.